The most common among bilateral agreements is a "Bermuda" pattern - each of contracting States-Parties has right to discretionally designate every time the carrier that may operate on certain route,
+Annex with agreed routes listed
ROUTES
FOR CARRIERS DESIGNATED BY X (=DEDICATED
FOR X)
ROUTES
FOR CARRIERS DESIGNATED BY Y
Frequencies, seating capacity, fleet to be agreed mutually between governments.
Stopovers usually allowed beyond x and y, but no fifth freedom/cabotage.
Hypothetically: in case of Norway, nothing hinders Norwegian authorities to designate Norwegian Air Shuttle
ASA for certain route that has been dedicated for Norway in a bilateral agreement.
One should check which of the bilaterally-agreed routes are operated by
SAS - it's usually the civil aviation authority that designates the carrier upon carrier's previous request, and usually only one carrier designated by country (x) is allowed to operate on certain route.
Example of such Agreement (Sweden - South Africa):
http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c...2/9fd1121f.pdf
Articles 3, 4, 9, 10, 15 + Annex are of particular interest. Not very strict, cause in this case Sweden may grant traffic rights to more than 1 carrier...